---
title: 'What Morality Have We Left?'
type: pdf
hasMedia: true
requiresPurchase: false
authors:
- 'James McCosh'
date: 1881-05-01
collection: 'Archives'
subcollection: '19th century'
topics:
- 'Ethics (General)'
- 'Philosophy (General)'
scriptures:
- 'Psalms 14'
- 'Romans 1'
url: https://confessional.org/archives/19th-century/mccosh-1881-what-morality-have-we-left
---

# What Morality Have We Left?

An 1881 essay diagnosing the erosion of Christian-based morality in universities, critiquing intuitionism, utilitarianism, and Spencer's evolutionary ethics, and asking what moral basis remains.

[Download](https://media.confessional.org/archives/mccosh-1881-what-morality-have-we-left.pdf)