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The Collected Writings of James Henley Thornwell, D.D., LL.D., Vol. 4

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Essays on church officers and Presbyterian polity: the call of ministers, ruling elders, church government, discipline, boards, and the church's relation to missions and slavery.
Archive ⬩ Ecclesiology (General), Presbyterian Polity
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John Bailey Adger (December 13, 1810 – January 3, 1899) was an American Presbyterian missionary born in Charleston, South Carolina, who served nearly twelve years among the Armenians in Asia Minor, translating the New Testament and other Christian works into Armenian before ill health forced his return to the United States.

After returning home he founded a Presbyterian congregation for Black worshippers in Charleston and later taught ecclesiastical history and church polity at Columbia Theological Seminary from 1857 to 1874, also serving as a pastor in various South Carolina churches.

Known for his scholarly gifts and committed service to the church, he continued pastoral work well into his 80s and authored an extensive autobiography, My Life and Times, before his death in Pendleton, South Carolina.

John Lafayette Girardeau was an American Presbyterian minister, theologian, and seminary professor renowned for his powerful preaching, extensive missionary work among African Americans in Charleston, and later teaching systematic theology at Columbia Theological Seminary. A leading voice in the Southern Presbyterian Church, he authored influential theological works and stood against racial segregation in church governance while shaping debates on the will, worship, and doctrinal fidelity in the late 19th century.

James Henley Thornwell (November 27, 1812 – December 1, 1862) was an American Presbyterian theologian, minister, and professor whose rigorous Reformed teaching at South Carolina College and Columbia Theological Seminary deeply shaped Southern Presbyterian doctrine in the mid-19th century. A prolific writer and church leader, he defended confessional Calvinism and articulated a theological vision that emphasized church unity and doctrinal fidelity.

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