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Predestinarian Controversy in the Ninth Century

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Excerpt reviews Neander’s account of the 9th-century predestinarian controversy, focusing on Gottschalk, Rabanus, and debates over Augustine’s doctrine of predestination.
Archive ⬩ Ancient and Medieval Church History, Predestination
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James Waddel Alexander (July 13, 1804 – July 31, 1859) was a prominent American Presbyterian minister, theologian, and author, born in Louisa County, Virginia, the eldest son of noted clergyman Archibald Alexander and grandson of the famed “Blind Preacher” James Waddel. Educated at the College of New Jersey (Princeton) and its Theological Seminary, he served pastorates in Virginia, New Jersey, and, most notably, in New York City at Duane Street and Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Churches, and also held professorships in rhetoric and ecclesiastical history. Celebrated for his biblical preaching, prolific writings—including practical religious works and hymn translations such as “O Sacred Head, Now Wounded”—and deep piety, Alexander remained influential in church life until his death at Red Sweet Springs, Virginia.

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