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The Works of Doctor Chalmers

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Review of works on church polity and Chalmers’ apologetics. Examines origins of the episcopate, bishops vs. presbyters, and Chalmers’ defenses of natural theology.
Archive ⬩ Apologetics, Natural Theology, Presbyterian Polity
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Archibald Alexander (April 17, 1772 – October 22, 1851) was a prominent American Presbyterian theologian and minister born in Rockbridge County, Virginia, who was ordained in 1791 and served as president of Hampden–Sydney College before being called to pastoral and academic roles. In 1812 he became the first professor and principal of the newly established Princeton Theological Seminary, where he taught didactic and polemic theology for nearly forty years and shaped generations of Presbyterian ministers. A prolific author and respected preacher, Alexander’s writings and leadership helped define early 19th-century American Presbyterianism.

James Waddel Alexander (July 13, 1804 – July 31, 1859) was a prominent American Presbyterian minister, theologian, and author, born in Louisa County, Virginia, the eldest son of noted clergyman Archibald Alexander and grandson of the famed “Blind Preacher” James Waddel. Educated at the College of New Jersey (Princeton) and its Theological Seminary, he served pastorates in Virginia, New Jersey, and, most notably, in New York City at Duane Street and Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Churches, and also held professorships in rhetoric and ecclesiastical history. Celebrated for his biblical preaching, prolific writings—including practical religious works and hymn translations such as “O Sacred Head, Now Wounded”—and deep piety, Alexander remained influential in church life until his death at Red Sweet Springs, Virginia.

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