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The Deluge

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Critiques Burney’s rejection of penal substitution and the Cumberland drift from Calvinism. Surveys the Mosaic Flood account as historical and tied to a universal tradition.
Archive ⬩ Atonement, Biblical History
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George Dod Armstrong, D.D., LL.D. (1813–1899) was an American Presbyterian minister, theologian, and educator born in Princeton, New Jersey, who graduated from Princeton College and Princeton Theological Seminary before serving as pastor of congregations in Pennsylvania and New Jersey and later as Professor of Natural and Revealed Religion at the University of the City of New York (now NYU). He was a prolific author and editor, known for works defending traditional Reformed theology—such as Christian Theology in Its Relations to the Present Life—and for his leadership in the Church, including service as moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church. Armstrong’s long and influential career in both pulpit and academy integrated scholarly rigor with practical ministry until his death in 1899.

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