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Conscience and Civil Government: An Oration

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Oration arguing civil government is a divine ordinance; citizens owe obedience, yet conscience limits submission. Resistance may be justified when laws conflict with God’s law.
Archive ⬩ Church and State, Citizenship and Government
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John Lafayette Girardeau was an American Presbyterian minister, theologian, and seminary professor renowned for his powerful preaching, extensive missionary work among African Americans in Charleston, and later teaching systematic theology at Columbia Theological Seminary. A leading voice in the Southern Presbyterian Church, he authored influential theological works and stood against racial segregation in church governance while shaping debates on the will, worship, and doctrinal fidelity in the late 19th century.

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