The Necessity of the Atonement: A Sermon, Preached in the Chapel of the South Carolina College, on the 1st Day of December, 1844

A sermon on the necessity of Christ’s atonement: God’s justice demands punishment for sin, requiring a substitutionary sacrifice so mercy and righteousness are both upheld. It defends vicarious punishment as essential for salvation.

James Henley Thornwell (November 27, 1812 – December 1, 1862) was an American Presbyterian theologian, minister, and professor whose rigorous Reformed teaching at South Carolina College and Columbia Theological Seminary deeply shaped Southern Presbyterian doctrine in the mid-19th century. A prolific writer and church leader, he defended confessional Calvinism and articulated a theological vision that emphasized church unity and doctrinal fidelity.

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