Rationalism
Survey of Rationalism’s rise and influence, defining it as the elevation of human reason over divine revelation. Defends Scripture’s authority and critiques rationalist redefinitions of doctrine.
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Archives
The Confessional Presbyterian Archive is a curated digital library dedicated to preserving and promoting the writings of 17th–20th century Presbyterian pastors, teachers, and leaders. Featuring thousands of searchable texts, biographies, and historical resources, the archive provides direct access to the primary-source materials of American Presbyterianism.
Rationalism
Dr. George Duffield on the Doctrines of the New-School Presbyterians
Affirms sanctification as Spirit‑wrought regeneration and defends Old‑School Presbyterian doctrines of original sin and imputation. Critiques New‑School repudiation of these doctrines.
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Drs. Hedge and Woolsey on College Studies and Government
Discusses early Scottish ecclesiastical history and reviews Harvard university reform. Argues against abolishing compulsory classics and mathematics and for disciplined collegiate governance.
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Emanuel Swedenborg
Essays on Western Presbyterian pioneers and a critical biography of Emanuel Swedenborg, surveying his life, writings, and the rise and critique of Swedenborgianism.
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Recent Discussions Concerning Liberal Education
Discusses sanctification as Spirit‑given new life confronting original sin. Then critiques proposals to replace classical liberal education with science‑centered, materialist psychology.
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The Life and Character of Nathaniel Hewit, D.D.
Funeral discourse honoring Nathaniel Hewit (1788–1867), a prominent Presbyterian pastor, eloquent preacher, and leading temperance reformer. Reviews his life, ministry, and public influence.
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Professor Fisher on the Princeton Review and Dr. Taylor’s Theology
An 1868 critique of Professor Fisher’s defense of N. W. Taylor (New Haven theology), examining whether Dr. Hodge unfairly represented Taylor’s views on will, sin, and moral ability.
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The General Assembly 1868 (Princeton Review)
Proceedings of the 1869 Presbyterian General Assembly: elections, reunion talks between branches, adoption of confessional/psalmody proposals, and reports on missions with systematic benevolence plans.
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Truth, Charity, and Unity
1868 essay: truth is objective and foundational to moral and spiritual life; zeal for truth must be tempered by candour and charity to avoid bigotry and foster Christian unity.
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Lyman H. Atwater
Index and biographical sketches from The Biblical Repertory and Princeton Review (1825–1868), profiling contributors Lyman H. Atwater and Henry Axtell and listing their articles and careers.
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The General Assembly 1871 (Princeton Review)
Report of the 1871 Presbyterian General Assembly: debated reducing representation and reorganizing benevolent boards. Adopted a Committee of Benevolence and Finance, rejecting full centralization.
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Preaching Christ
Argues that all preaching must center on Christ crucified; the law exposes sin so sinners are driven to Christ for justification by faith. Faith precedes and produces true repentance and love.
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The Labor Question in Its Economic and Christian Aspects
Examines Dodona’s primitive Greek worship of a solitary Zeus and sacred oaks. Lyman H. Atwater then analyzes labor, capital, wealth, their mutual dependence, and the right to fair compensation.
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Total Abstinence and Its Scriptural Basis
An 1872 Presbyterian review debating Christian apology and the scriptural basis for total abstinence. Argues tensions between Christian liberty (Romans 14, Galatians 5) and temperance.
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Beneficiary Education for the Ministry
Argument for church-funded aid to indigent ministerial candidates: rising beneficiaries, funding shortfalls, causes identified, and defense of systematic beneficiary education to supply trained clergy.
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Pray for Your Children
An appeal urging Christian parents to pray continually for their children’s early regeneration and salvation. Emphasizes parental duty, covenant responsibilities, instruction, example and prayer.
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The General Assembly 1873
1873 General Assembly report: advocated reunion with Southern Presbyterians, reaffirmed church–state principles, approved compilation of a Book of Praise, and debated a cheap church paper.
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Taxation of Churches, Colleges and Charitable Institutions
1874 essay defending tax exemptions for churches, colleges, and charities as vital to public welfare, warning broad taxation would cripple them and urging limited safeguards.
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The Late Commercial Crisis
Examines the 1870s commercial crisis: excessive railroad speculation, paper currency, bank failures and fraud produced panic, widespread loss and moral decline. Discusses causes, effects and remedies.
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Calvinism in Doctrine and Life
Defends Calvinism and the doctrine of predestination (per the Westminster Confession), arguing sound doctrine grounds the Christian life while upholding responsibility and freedom.
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