Bushnell’s Discourses
Review of Bushnell’s God in Christ: condemns his rejection of orthodox Trinity, Incarnation, and vicarious atonement as inconsistent, half-formed, and rationalist.
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Archives
The Confessional Presbyterian Archive is a curated digital library dedicated to preserving and promoting the writings of 17th–20th century Presbyterian pastors, teachers, and leaders. Featuring thousands of searchable texts, biographies, and historical resources, the archive provides direct access to the primary-source materials of American Presbyterianism.
Bushnell’s Discourses
Emancipation
Discusses Port-Royal briefly, then examines Kentucky’s 1849 debate over Negro slavery and a constitutional revision, outlining emancipation proposals, political defeat, and Presbyterian advocacy.
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The General Assembly 1849 (Princeton Review)
Proceedings of the 1849 General Assembly and Boards of Missions: church music, Christian union, domestic and foreign missions, Bible distribution (including to slaves), and missionary statistics.
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Memoir of Walter M. Lowrie
Biographies of Robert Blair and Walter M. Lowrie. Lowrie, a Princeton-trained missionary to China, consecrated himself young, endured perilous voyages including a shipwreck, and persevered in service.
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The General Assembly 1850 (Princeton Review)
1850 General Assembly report: debates on a memorial to Congress urging preservation of the Union; rejection of an Assembly-backed cheap religious paper; and foreign missions reports.
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Civil Government
1851 Princeton Review essay defending obedience to the fugitive slave law, arguing it doesn’t violate Deuteronomy, critiquing abolitionists and urging preservation of the Union.
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The General Assembly 1851 (Princeton Review)
1851 General Assembly minutes: cases of Rev. McAuley and Dr. McGill’s resignation, election at Western Theological Seminary, and debate over a cheap church weekly.
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Idea of the Church
Argues the Apostles’ Creed’s ‘communion of saints’ defines the Church as the spiritual body of true believers united to Christ by the indwelling Holy Spirit, not merely a visible organization.
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Introduction to The Faithful Mother’s Reward
A mother’s narrative of her young son’s conversion and death, highlighting covenant theology: children included in God’s promises and the duty of Christian parents to nurture faith.
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The General Assembly 1853 (Princeton Review)
Report on the 1853 General Assembly (Presbyterian): doctrinal links between theology and church, procedural debates on commissions, communion admission, standing committees, and foreign missions.
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Beecher’s Great Conflict
Review of Song of Solomon commentaries and a close analysis of Edward Beecher’s The Conflict of Ages, focusing on original sin, innate depravity, and rival theories.
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Dr. Schaff’s Apostolic Church
Reviews recent Song of Solomon commentaries and Philip Schaff’s History of the Apostolic Church, praising scholarship while noting fears of ‘Romanizing’ influence and Mercersburg ties.
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The Education Question
1854 essay arguing public education must include the Bible and Christian instruction; excluding religion will leave many ignorant of God, so the Church must provide and support schools.
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Bishop McIlvaine on the Church
Essay on the Church’s nature and government: distinction between invisible and visible Church, permitted forms of polity, and defence of infant membership and covenantal baptism.
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Memoir of Archibald Alexander
Memoir of Archibald Alexander, detailing his education, pastoral and academic career, presidency at Hampden–Sydney, and influence as first Princeton seminary professor.
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What Is Presbyterianism?
Charles Hodge (1855) defines Presbyterianism: church polity where people govern through presbyters and ruling elders, under Christ and Scripture, rejecting clerical or congregational supremacy.
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The Church Review on the Permanency of the Apostolic Office
Critique of Bishop McIlvaine’s claim that the apostolic office is permanent, debating episcopal succession, apostolic gifts, authority, and infallibility.
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The Princeton Review and Cousin’s Philosophy
Reviews of Kurtz’s history of the Old Covenant and Cousin’s Elements of Psychology. Discussion defends Cousin against charges of pantheism, fatalism, and moral subversion.
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Essays and Reviews
Charles Hodge critiques theological controversies on regeneration, defending Calvinist views against Dr. Cox and arguing regeneration is a moral, not physical, change.
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