Free Agency
Reviews manuals defending infant baptism and church oversight; essay analyzes free agency vs necessity, contingency, and certainty in relation to sin and grace.
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Archives
The Confessional Presbyterian Archive is a curated digital library dedicated to preserving and promoting the writings of 17th–20th century Presbyterian pastors, teachers, and leaders. Featuring thousands of searchable texts, biographies, and historical resources, the archive provides direct access to the primary-source materials of American Presbyterianism.
Free Agency
Inspiration
Article defends the plenary, infallible inspiration of Scripture, asserting divine authorship and spiritual illumination against rationalist objections.
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The General Assembly of 1857 (Princeton Review)
Report of the 1857 General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church: seminary reports, faculty elections and endowments, meeting-place selection, and domestic missions. Sermon draws on Matthew 28:20.
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The General Assembly 1858 (Princeton Review)
1858 General Assembly report defending preservation of the King James Bible against American Bible Society revisions; reviews domestic and foreign missions’ finances, growth, and trials.
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The Revised Book of Discipline
Review of proposed revisions to the Presbyterian Book of Discipline, arguing that discipline must conform to Scripture and Westminster standards and distinguishing baptized from professing members.
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Sunday Laws
Defends Sunday laws and the authority of Scripture against an anti‑Sabbath ‘freethought’ movement, arguing such opposition is essentially anti‑Christian and threatens religiously grounded law.
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The Unity of Mankind
Reviews liturgical works and J.L. Cabell’s scientific defense of the unity of mankind, urging harmony between science and theology and affirming common human origin.
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An Exposition of the Second Epistle to the Corinthians
Charles Hodge’s exposition on 2 Corinthians 1 explores Paul’s thanksgiving for God’s consolation amid intense affliction, his apostolic defense, and the link between Christian suffering and comfort.
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Dr. Hodge’s Remarks at the Seminary
Reminiscences and tribute to Dr. Addison Alexander emphasizing his pulpit gifts and scholarship; a charitable anecdote; and a statistical defense of Old‑school over New‑school theology.
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Presbyterianism
Examines 1860 Presbyterian debates over church government and Boards, debating if Scripture prescribes all ecclesiastical organizations and whether the Spirit or visible structures constitute the church.
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Sir William Hamilton’s Philosophy of the Conditioned
Critiques modern philosophical systems (Hume, Kant, Hamilton) and their influence on the church. Defends Scripture and argues human reason is limited in knowing divine realities.
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The General Assembly 1860 (Princeton Review)
Report of the 1860 General Assembly debates on reorganizing church Boards. Contention between Boards and constitutional church courts over authority, missions, and church order.
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Theories of the Eldership — The Constitutional View of the Presbyterian Church
Argues the Presbyterian constitutional view of eldership: ruling elders are distinct from ministers, representing the people in government and discipline within the visible church.
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What Is Christianity?
Critique of modern German theologies (Schleiermacher, Hegel) that fuse divine and human. Defends traditional doctrines of the incarnation, personhood, and Christianity as both doctrine and life.
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The Church and the Country
1861 essay urges the Presbyterian Church to remain united despite national secession, warning that slavery-driven sectionalism risks ecclesiastical schism and moral perversion.
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The General Assembly 1861 (Princeton Review)
1861 Presbyterian General Assembly: sermons on Christ’s kingdom, debate over baptizo translation and parliamentary procedure, and appeals to fund church extension.
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Are There Too Many Ministers?
Argues that claims of “too many ministers” are mistaken. Ministers are called by the Spirit; churches must examine candidates, and more laborers are needed to reach the unchurched.
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England and America
Affirms Anglo-American kinship but denounces the British government and press for siding with the Confederate rebellion and slavery, betraying Christian brotherhood.
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Examination of Some Reasonings Against the Unity of Mankind
Critiques Dr. Morton’s craniological case for multiple human species, assessing methodological flaws and the social implications for slavery and the unity of mankind. Urges caution in generalizing.
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