The Westminster Standards
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1889 issue of The Independent with poems and essays, including a detailed exposé on leprosy in America urging Christian charity, isolation, and practical relief.
Archives
The Confessional Presbyterian Archive is a curated digital library dedicated to preserving and promoting the writings of 17th–20th century Presbyterian pastors, teachers, and leaders. Featuring thousands of searchable texts, biographies, and historical resources, the archive provides direct access to the primary-source materials of American Presbyterianism.
The Westminster Standards
Biblical History: A Lecture Delivered at the Opening of the Term of the Union Theological Seminary, New York, September 19, 1899
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Briggs defines Biblical History as the canonical Scriptural narrative distinct from Israel's national history and contemporary Near Eastern history, showing God's sovereign shaping of nations toward the Messiah.
Whither? A Theological Question for the Times
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Briggs diagnoses modern drift from the Westminster standards in Presbyterianism and Puritan theology. He urges doctrinal recovery, Christian unity, and renewed mission.
The Westminster Confession and the Traditional Dogma
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Listings of schools, services, insurance and travel ads alongside news of the International Congress. Blaine urges American nations toward closer intercourse, commerce, and reduced militarization.
What Shall We Revise?
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Editorial on European politics: Germany's military expansion despite peace claims, French republican challenges after Boulangist defeat; accompanied by publishing and book notices.
The Westminster Creed: The Difficulty With the Third Chapter
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Editorials report the German Emperor's diplomatic visits, a federal plan for Native American education, debates over telegraph rates, and a court ruling on unsafe electrical wires.
The Terms of Subscription of the Presbyterian Church, U.S.A.
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Essays and poems exposing American vanities, hypocrisy in claimed religious freedom, racial injustice toward Native Americans, and abuses of political patronage.
Redemption After Death
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Briggs argues Protestants have neglected the Middle State, urging a broader view of redemption and God's love while critiquing scholastic predestination and premillennialism.
Subscription and Revision
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Summarizes Harrison's 1889 message on tariff, silver, pensions, and national education. Urges federal, nonsectarian Indian schools and opposes church-state partnerships.
The Middle State in the Old Testament
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Two essays: one urging pastors to engage and promote missionary work; another surveying the Old Testament's 'middle state' (Sheol/Abaddon) via Genesis, Psalms, and Job.
Revision of the Westminster Confession
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Advocates revising the Westminster Confession to better align with Scripture and contemporary theological progress. Reviews historical shifts in Presbyterian attitudes and affirms the Spirit's guidance.
Review of A.B. Bruce, The Kingdom of God
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Andover Review pieces: Edwards' youthful natural-history observations and a substantial review of A. B. Bruce's The Kingdom of God, focusing on synoptic theology, the kingdom, and Christ's messianic role.
The Test of the Apostles’ Creed
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A 19th-century periodical featuring poems and essays — from literary sketches to political surveys — highlighted by Prof. Charles A. Briggs's essay testing the Apostles' Creed.
The Historic Episcopate as a Basis of Reunion
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Examines the Lambeth Conference basis for Christian reunion, identifying the Historic Episcopate as the chief obstacle and analyzing U.S. church–state relations.
The Westminster Confession and the Old Testament
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Selections from The Independent (May 22, 1890): poems and essays. Argues for endowed, well-equipped urban churches to serve the poor; includes literary and historical pieces.
How Shall We Revise the Westminster Confession of Faith?
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A bundle of essays debating how to revise the Westminster Confession: history, changing Presbyterian attitudes, and doctrinal issues (sovereignty, freedom, Romans 9–11).
The Advance Toward Church Unity
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New-Year poems, Frances Willard’s forecast of nationwide temperance and women's civic advances, and David D. Field’s critique of legal procedure with population and immigration projections.
The Higher Criticism: The Old Testament as Read in Its Light
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News on church and civic affairs: debate over disestablishing the Church in Wales, Wesleyan revival and Methodism, Brazil's new constitution, and Anglo-American relations. Concerns about national unity and religious liberty arise.
Prof. Briggs Replies to Questions
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Examines a Presbyterian controversy over Scripture's inerrancy vs infallibility, the trials of Prof. Briggs and colleagues, and urges truth-seeking rather than punitive church action.
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